The temple's origins trace back to ancient times, with references found in the Puranas among the 51 Shakti Peethas. The current structure dates to the Gupta period (4th-6th century CE) with significant renovations during the Pala dynasty (8th-12th century). The temple was rebuilt in its present form during the 18th century under the patronage of local zamindars (landlords). Patna itself has a continuous history as a city dating back to 490 BCE when it was founded as Pataliputra by Ajatashatru.
The temple survived the destructive sack of Pataliputra by various invaders and was rebuilt each time. During the Mughal period, the temple remained active under the patronage of Hindu officials serving in the Mughal administration of Bihar. The temple underwent major repairs in 1962 after cracks developed in the structure.
